Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies

Cramming is a pervasive, short-term memorization technique commonly employed by students as a last-minute approach to exam preparation. This exhaustive effort to absorb large amounts of information in a very short period is fundamentally an ineffective study strategy. This short communication analyses the detrimental impacts of cramming and the underlying conditions that perpetuate this habit among students. Functioning as an academic "iceberg phenomenon", cramming contributes to poor long-term information retention and, critically, escalates levels of stress, panic, anxiety, and sleep deprivation. This creates a negative feedback loop, the vicious circle of cramming, which reinforces poor academic performance and can lead to excessive substance use. The primary conditions that precede and foster this harmful behavior include chronic procrastination, systemic poor time management, and low self-esteem or lack of perceived competence. To mitigate these issues, effective alternatives are essential. Recommended proactive strategies focus on consistent study habits, such as spaced practice, active and structured recall (via self-testing and flashcards), and effective prioritization. By adopting these approaches, students can successfully shift information from short-term working memory to long-term memory, leading to improved academic achievement and overall well-being.