Study Skills, Writing Strategies and Reading Habits: A Causal Model in Motivation in Learning a Language
Jovelyn L. Franca *
University of Mindanao - Professional School, Matina, Davao City, The Philippines.
Melissa C. Napil
Southern Philippines Agribusiness and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology, Malita, Davao Occidental, The Philippines.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: To determine the best fit model of motivation in learning the Filipino language anong senior high school students.
Study Design: Descriptive-causal design.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted among private high schools located in Davao City during the school year 2021-2022.
Methodology: The respondents were 400 senior high school students from private educational institutions in Davao region, Philippines. The respondents were chosen using stratified random sampling. The data were collected using the online platform.
Results: The overall results showed that the respondents had a high level of study skills, writing strategies, reading habits, and motivation in learning the Filipino language. It also showed a significant relationship between the three variables, the study skills, writing strategies, and reading habits in the motivation in learning the Filipino language. Of the five models, model 5 fits best.
Conclusion: The high level of study skills, writing strategies, reading habits, and motivation in learning the Filipino language, suggests that the students have time management. As a strategy, it suggests that students read different writings by well-known writers to gather good writing methods, ask for help or consult a teacher, friend, or family member so that their writing will be done well. In reading habits, it suggests that students spend time reading different books. Lastly, on motivation, it suggests that students use the Filipino language daily so that they become more fluent. The significant relationship between the three variables means that the three variables are of great help to motivate the students in learning the Filipino language. Model 5 acceptable because all the indices met the set criteria against the obtained model fit value. This study proves that a high level of ability in study skills, writing strategies, and reading habits contributes to the motivation in learning the Filipino language.
Keywords: Education, study skills, writing strategies, reading habits, motivation in learning language, structural equation model, Philippines
How to Cite
References
Ariaso R. Factors of learning in Filipino and students’ performance of Secondary Education in Eastern Visayas Philippines. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt / Egyptology. 2020;17(2):8216.
Napil MC, San Jose AE. Beliefs and strategies in Filipino language learning and academic performance of indigenous students. International Journal of Educational Policy Research and Review. 2020;7(5):155.
DOI:10.15739/IJEPRR.20.017
Genc ZS, Fulya, A. An analysis of learners' motivation and attitudes toward Learning English language at tertiary level in Turkish EFL Context. English Language Teaching. 2017;10(4):35.
Available:http://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n4p35
Al-Khasawneh FM, Al-Omari, MA. Motivations towards learning English: The case of Jordanian gifted students. International Journal of Research Studies in Language Learning. 2015;7(2):2.
DOI:10.5296/ije.v7i2.7699
Koca F. Motivation to learn and teacher-student relationship. Journal of international Education and Leadership. 2016;6(2):2.
Rukanuddin M. Role of motivation on the tertiary level students of Bangladesh in learning English. Research on Humanities and social Sciences. 2014;4(27):79.
Serafini EJ, Sanz C. Evidence for the decreasing impact of cognitive ability on second language development as proficiency increases. Studies in Second Language Acquisition. 2016;38(4).
Cer E. The instruction of writing strategies: The effect of the metacognitive strategy on the writing skills of pupils in secondary education. SAGE Open. 2019; 9(2):1.
Owusu-Acheaw M, Larson, AG. Reading habits among students and its effect on academic performance: A study of students of Koforidua Polytechnic. Library philosophy and practice. 2014;1.
Gardner, R. Integrative motivation and second language acquisition. Joint plenary talk at Canadian Association of Applied Linguistics/ Canadian Linguistics Association. 2005;1-19.
Lai HT. The motivation of learners of English as a foreign language revisited. International Education Studies. 2013; 6(10):90-101
Schumann JH. Research on the acculturation model for second language acquisition. Journal of multilingual & multicultural development. 1986;7(5): 379-392.
Guerrero M. Motivation in second language learning: A historical overview and its relevance in a public high school in Pasto, Colombia. How. 2015;22(1):97.
Ezeala Cl. Study skills of undergraduate pharmacy students in the University of Zambia medical school. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health profession. 2015;12(46):1.
Bai B, Bin S, Hong M. Hong Kong primary students’ self-regulated writing strategy use: Influences of gender, writing proficiency, and grade level. Studies in Educational Evaluation. 2020;65:2.
Balan S, Katenga, JE, Simon, A. Reading habits and their influence on academic achievement among students at Asia Pacific International University. Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference. 2019;7(1):1.
Gonzales R, Lopez M. Foreign language learning motivation questionnaire: Further examination of a six-factor model. Research Gate. 2015;23.
Uysal D, Güven M. Negative feelings of Turkish students in EFL learning process. European Journal of Foreign Language Teaching. 2018;3(4):120-140.
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejfl.v0i0.2029
Parsons VL. Stratified sampling. Wiley StatsRef. Statistics reference online. 2014;14:1.
Frankel J, Wallen NE, Hyun HH. How to design and evaluate research in education (8th edition). New York, NY: McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. 2012;95.
Ismail Z. The mathematical modelling of flow and deformation in the human eye. Diss. University of Southampton. 2013;5.
Sahin S, Mete, J. A brief study on deskriptibong research: Its nature and application in Social Science. International Journal of Research and Analysis in Humanities. 2021;1:23.
Ullman JB, Bentler PM. Structural equation modeling. Handbook of Psychology, Second Edition. Research Methods in Psychology. 2012;2:661.
Wernersbach B. Study skills course impact on academic self-efficacy. Journal of Developmental Education. 2014;37(3): 15.
Naqvi S. Study skills assessment among undergraduate students at a private university college in Oman." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 2018;9(2): 139.
DOI:10.2478/mjss-2018-0034
Raoofi S, Binandeh M, Rahmani, S. An investigation into writing strategies and writing proficiency of university students. Journal of Language Teaching and Research. 2017;8(1):192.
Tsiriotakis IK. The examination of the effects of writing strategy-based procedural facilitative environments on students' English foreign language writing anxiety levels. Frontiers in Psychology. 2017; 7:2074.
Chettri K, Rout SK. Reading habits: An overview. Journal of Humanities and Social Science (I05R-JH55). 2013;14(6):13-17.
Huang S. Reading habits of college students in the United States. Reading Psychology. 2014;35(5):448.
Hall L. The role of reading identities and reading abilities in students’ discussions about texts and comprehension strategies. Journal of Literacy Research. 2012; 44(4):239–272.
DOI:10.1177/1086296X12445370. 241
Akabuike IG, Asika IE. Reading habits of undergraduates and their academic performances: Issues and perspectives. An International Multidisciplinary Journal. 2012;6(2):241-251.
Clark C, Douglas J. Young people’s reading and writing an indepth study focusing on enjoyment, behaviour, attitudes and attainment. National Literacy Trust. 2011;14.
Palani KK. Promoting reading habits and creating literate society. Journal of Arts, Science & Commerce. 2012;3(1).
Issa AO. Reading interest and habits of the federal polytechnic students. International Journal of Learning & Development. 2012; 2(1):472.
Ogbodo RO. Effective study habits in educational sector: Counselling implications. Edo Journal of Counselling. 2010;3(2):229-239.
DOI: 10.4314/ejc.v3i2.63610
Nasihah M, Cahyono B. Language learning strategies, motivation, and writing achievement of Indonesian EFL students. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ). 2017; 8:251.
Hailikari T. Students’ experiences of the factors affecting their study progress: Differences in study profiles. Journal of Further and higher Education. 2018; 42(1):6.
Dakhiel MA, Somaya AA. Effectiveness of a training program in improving study skills and English language achievement among high school students. Journal of Educational Issues. 2019;5(1):132-149.
Jennifer M, Ponniah J. Investigating the levels, types and causes of second language writing anxiety among Indian freshmen. Journal of Asia TEFL. 2017; 14(3):557.
Mastan ME, Binti NM, Mohamed AE. The effect of writing strategy instruction on ESL intermediate proficiency learners’ writing performance. Journal of Educational Research and Review. 2017;5(5):71.
Shahidi F. A study on the quality of study skills of newly-admitted students of Fasa University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism. 2014;2(1):49.
Motevalli S. The Effects of study skills training on qualitative academic achievement among Students. Asian Journal of University Education. 2021; 17(3):130-141.
Mwangi FG, Bwire AM. Role of extensive reading habits in students’ acquisition of composition writing skills in English in Kenya. Journal of Education and Practice. 2020;11(30):62-68.
Boonyarattanasoontorn P. An investigation of Thai students’ English language writing difficulties and their use of writing strategies. Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities. 2017;2(2):111-118.
Chiang IN. Reading habits, language learning achievements and principles for deep knowledge. Linguistics and Literature Studies. 2016;4(3):203-212.
Fraenkel JR, Wallen NE, Hyun, HH. How to design and evaluate research in education. New York: McGraw-hill. 2012; 7:429.
Majid S, Tan V. Understanding the reading habits of children in Singapore. Journal of Educational Media & Library Sciences. 2020;45(2):187.
Raoofi S, Massoud B, Saifullah R. An investigation into writing strategies and writing proficiency of university students. Journal of Language Teaching and Research. 2017;8(1):192.